Class 10 I.C.S.E geography question answer of water resources from the book written by Dolly Ellen,Jasmine Rachel and P.S. Latika

                                    Chapter 11

                                          Water Resources

I.Short answer questions

    Q1.Name four surface water resources.

Ans:The four surface water resources are  rivers, lakes ,tanks and ponds.

   Q2.Give two main reasons why water scarcity occurs in India.

Ans:Two main reasons for water scarcity occuring in India are:

        (i)We have not cared for water nor ralationised  its uses.

        (ii)Rainfall in India is highly seasonal and occurs in short spell of high intensity.

    

  Q3.(i) What is meant by water harvesting ?

 Ans:Water harvesting is collection and storage of  rainfall water for future use.

      (ii)Mention any three water harvesting systems practised in India.

Ans: Three water harvesting practised in India are rainwater harvesting,water recycling and                         preventing the pollution of water.

   Q4.Why is water harvesting needed ?

 Ans: Water harvesting is needed because:

         (1) There is uncertainty of rainfall and therefore people have to wait for rainy season for water.

         (2) Different crops require different amount of water therefore we need to harvest water so that                it can be used anytime as we wish.

Q5. How much water is utilised by the agricultural sector in India?

 Ans: The agricultural sector requires 92% of total fresh water.

Q6.What is meant by Irrigation?

 Ans: Irrigation means the process of watering of agricultural plants through artificial means (i.e)                  from wells, tanks, canal ,etc.

Q7. Why do we need to adopt different means of irrigation ?

Ans: We need to adopt different means of irrigation because different crops have different                             requirement of water .

Q8.Mention the three factors based on which different means of irrigation are used.

 Ans: The three factors based on which different means of irrigation is used are:

         (1)Uncertainty of rainfall  (2) Crop requirement  (3) Uneven distribution of rainfall.

Q9. Name the state in India where well irrigation is used.

 Ans: The state in India where well irrigation is mainly used are Rajasthan , Punjab and Haryana.

Q10. Name two states in which tubewells are extensively used.Give a reason to explain its                          importance.

Ans: Two state where tubewells are extensively used is Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.

Q11. How are fields irrigated using persian wheel method?

 Ans: The persian wheel method has a vertical wheel which is party submerged with buckets attached           to its rim .As the wheel is turned by draught animals (i.e. Camel, cow or bull ) rotating                         horizontal wheel, the bucket are filled and emptied into a trough above which carries the                    water to crop-shown field.

Q12. Give two advantage and two disadvantage of well irrigation.

 Ans: Two advantage of well irrigation are:

        (1) It is the independent sources of irrigation.

        (2) It is cheaper to construct.

        Two disadvantage of well irrigation are:

        (1) It covers very large area .

        (2) It is difficult or not possible to construct in hilly areas.

Q13. Give two advantages and one disadvantages that tubewells have over surface wells.

Ans: Two advantages of tubewell over surface wells are:

          (1) It covers very less area.

          (2) It is independent sources of irrigation.

          One disadvantage that tubewells have over surface wells is that if it is used excessively that it               may lead to depelation of groundwater. 

Q14. Name the two types of canals.

 Ans: The two types of canals are Inundation and perennial canals.

Q15. Name the two state where perennial canals are widely used.

Ans: Two states are Punjab and Rajasthan.

Q16.Why are inundation canals being converted to perennial canals? Give two reasons.

Ans:As inundation canals have water only when the river is flooded and since there is scarcity of              water and agricultural sector needs large amount of water to irrigate their fields therefore                      inundation canals are converted into perennial canals.

      Two reasons for conversions of inundation to perennial canals are :

      (1) Requirement of water by agriculture sector.

      (2) Due to overpopulation.

Q17. Where are tanks most widely used in India? Why?

 Ans: The tanks mostly used in India are Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

          Reason: Since the river in those region are seasonal and their are uneven topography with                    natural depression.

Q18. Mention two disadvantage of tank irrigation.

 Ans: Two disadvantage of tank irrigation are:-

         (1) This are very expensive since the farmers need to install a pipeline to draw water.

          (2)It requires continuous electricity supply.

Q19. Give three disadvantage of using conventional system of irrigation.

Ans: Three disadvantage of using convention system of irrigation are:

         (1) There is loss of water.

         (2) The water get saline content 

         (3) There is water logging.

Q20. Name the three modern means of irrigation.

 Ans: The three modern means of irrigation are drip irrigation,spray irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.